Summarize the history and explore the primary concepts of the major approaches to counseling and psychotherapy in current use. Examine the empirical foundations of each theory. Review examples of how each method is applied to clients. Apply specific techniques of each approach. Explore the role of the therapist/counselor within each approach. Determine the strengths and limitations of each approach. Assess boundaries and ethical issues commonly found when utilizing advanced counseling tactics with clients. Apply basic counseling techniques including motivational interviewing. Apply reflective practitioner methods.